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凤凰山八卦田
凤凰山，位于杭州西南，山高178米，北临西湖，南接钱塘江，形若飞凤，故名凤凰山。
Phoenix Mountain, located in the southwest of Hangzhou, is 178 meters high. It is adjacent to the West Lake in the north and Qiantang River in the south. It is shaped like a flying phoenix, so it is called Phoenix Mountain.
凤凰山一角
古代都城选址，要么交通便利四通八达，要么满足军事要塞需求。感觉凤凰山两个条件都符合，北面有西湖，相当于护城河，古时西湖水位更深面积更大。南边有通海的水路钱塘江，便于对外贸易和运输。
The location of ancient capital cities either has convenient transportation and extends in all directions, or meets the needs of military fortresses. It seems that Phoenix Mountain meets both conditions. There is a West Lake in the north, which is equivalent to a moat. In ancient times, the water level of the West Lake was deeper and the area was larger. In the south, there is the Qiantang River, a waterway connecting the sea, which is convenient for foreign trade and transportation.
凤凰山位置
所以隋唐时期就在山上建立了市政府（州治），类似于今天的杭州市政府。
Therefore, the Sui and Tang Dynasties established a municipal government (Zhouzhi) on the mountain, similar to today's Hangzhou municipal government.
五代吴越国定都杭州后，在此筑子城，将隋唐时期的市政府（州治）经多年改造扩建为王宫。
After the capital of Hangzhou was established by the state of Wu Yue in the Five Dynasties, a sub city was built here to transform and expand the municipal government (Zhouzhi) in the Sui and Tang Dynasties into a royal palace after many years.
南宋宋高宗赵构定都杭州后，将北宋遗留下来的市政府（州治）旧址修建为皇宫。
After Zhao Gou, Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty, established Hangzhou as the capital, he built the former site of the municipal government (Zhouzhi) left over from the Northern Song Dynasty as a imperial palace.
南宋遗址
南宋亡后，南宋宫殿就改作寺院了。古代人迷信，以蒙元的性格杀人肯定少不了，所以改为寺庙镇镇怨气。巧的是第二年这些寺庙就被大火烧光了大半。1287年元朝再次利用南宋大内的建筑基座、残余建筑物和建筑材料在凤凰山上修筑了五座佛寺，起名“镇本”。从寺庙名字上你就能看出啥意思了，一是镇南宋亡魂，二是镇江南龙气，三是镇江南百姓。元末，因为凤凰山是杭州的战略要地，所以元明在那也打的最为激烈，这五座寺庙在最后的元末战争中彻底毁灭。
After the death of the Southern Song Dynasty, the palace of the Southern Song Dynasty was changed into a temple. The ancient people were superstitious and Meng Yuan's personality must kill many people, so they changed it to temple for suppressing resentment. Coincidentally, most of these temples were burned down by the fire the next year. In 1287, the Yuan dynasty built five Buddhist temples on Phoenix Mountain again using the building bases, residual buildings and building materials in the Southern Song Dynasty, named "Zhenben". From the name of the temple, you can see what it means. The first is to suppress the souls of the Southern Song Dynasty, the second is to suppress the Dragon Spirit in Jiangnan, and the third is to suppress the people in Jiangnan. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, because Phoenix mountain was a strategic place in Hangzhou, Yuan and Ming fought the most fiercely there. These five temples were completely destroyed in the last war at the end of the Yuan Dynasty.
南宋都城图
1960年3月，李秀成带领太平军抵达杭州武林门外，随后又绕至南屏，占领凤凰山、玉皇山、万松岭一带。在全面占领杭州外围后，开始向杭州城发动猛攻。商人胡雪岩虽准备好了二万石大米，但被占领凤凰山的太平军挡在城外，只能停泊在三廊庙外的钱塘江上，无法运进城中。城内饥民只能勉强用草木皮革果腹，甚至不得不分食尸体，官兵则屠杀放生园中的动物和战马来充饥。12月份，被围的清军全军覆没，杭州城被太平军占领。
In March 1960, Li Xiucheng led the Taiping army to the Wulin gate in Hangzhou, and then rounded to Nanping , occupied Phoenix mountain, Yuhuang mountain and Wan Songling. After fully occupying the periphery of Hangzhou, he began to launch a fierce attack on Hangzhou city. Although businessman Hu Xueyan prepared 20000 stone rice, the Taiping army occupied Phoenix mountain was blocked outside the city and could only park on the Qiantang River outside the Sanlang temple. The hungry people in the city can only barely feed on grass, trees and leather, and even have to eat corpses. The officers and soldiers slaughtered the animals and horses in the release garden to satisfy their hunger. In December, the besieged Qing army was completely destroyed, and Hangzhou was occupied by the Taiping army.
清末凤凰山遗址
现在行至凤凰山脚下，可以看到人民解放军驻地的身影，可见凤凰山在杭州的战略地位有多么重要。
Now you can see the People's Liberation Army Station at the foot of Phoenix mountain, which shows how important the strategic position of Phoenix Mountain in Hangzhou is. |
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发表于 2022-9-20 09:09:01